Sinonasal neoplasms in 49 dogs: clinical, macroscopic, and histopathological aspects / Neoplasmas nasossinusais em 49 cães: aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos

This study aimed to quantify nasosinusal neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in 20 years (2000-2019) and characterize the main clinical, macroscopic, and histological aspects of these neoplasms. The sex, breed, age, skull conformation, the main clinical signs, and the anatomopathological characteristics (distribution, macroscopy, and histology) were computed. During this period, 49 dogs were affected by neoplasms in these regions, totaling 50 neoplasms (one dog had two neoplasms of different locations and histogenetic origins). Similar amounts of mixed-breed dogs (25/49) and purebred dogs (24/49) were affected, these distributed in 16 breeds. Among purebreds, it was noted that dogs with mesocephalic cranial conformation (12/24) were the most affected, followed by dolichocephalic (10/24) and brachycephalic (2/24). There were 22 cases in males and 27 in females, making a proportion of 1:1.23. There was an age variation from 11 months to 16 years old. The epithelial neoplasms have occurred in older dogs compared to those of other histogenic origins (mesenchymal and other origins/round cells). The main clinical signs were similar between the histogenetic categories, related to the involvement of the upper respiratory tract, sometimes accompanied by nervous signs (when there was brain invasion of nasal neoplasms or vice versa). The possible origin site was mostly in the nasal cavity concerning the paranasal sinuses (and other locations). Invasions occurred in different tissues adjacent to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, resulting in cranial and facial deformities (21/49). The frequency was 48% of epithelial neoplasms, 32% of mesenchymal neoplasms, and 10% of neoplasms with other origins and round cells. The neoplasms most frequently observed, in decreasing order of frequency, were: adenocarcinoma (9/50), squamous cell carcinoma (9/50), transmissible venereal tumor (5/50), osteosarcoma (5/50), chondrosarcoma (4/50), and undifferentiated sarcoma (4/50). Through this study, it was possible to establish the frequency of these neoplasms in 20 years and their clinical, macroscopic, and histological characteristics.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os neoplasmas nasossinusais diagnosticados em cães em 20 anos (2000-2019) e caracterizar os principais aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histológicos desses neoplasmas. Foram computados sexo, raça, idade, conformação do crânio, principais sinais clínicos e características anatomopatológicas (distribuição, macroscopia e histologia). Nesse período, 49 cães foram acometidos por neoplasmas nessas regiões, totalizando 50 neoplasmas (um cão tinha dois neoplasmas de localização e origens histogenéticas distintas). Foram acometidas quantidades semelhantes de cães sem raça definida (25/49) e de cães com raça definida (24/49), estes distribuídos em 16 raças. Entre os cães com raça definida, notou-se que os cães com conformação craniana mesocefálica (12/24) foram os mais acometidos, seguidos pelos dolicocefálicos (10/24) e braquicefálicos (2/24). Foram observados 22 casos em machos e 27 em fêmeas, perfazendo a relação de 1:1,23. Ocorreu uma variação de idade de 11 meses a 16 anos; tendo os neoplasmas epiteliais ocorrido em cães mais velhos quando comparado aos de outras origens histogênicas (mesenquimais e outras origens/células redondas). Os principais sinais clínicos foram semelhantes entre as categorias histogenéticas, sendo relacionados ao comprometimento do trato respiratório superior, por vezes acompanhados de sinais nervosos (quando houve invasão encefálica de neoplasmas nasais ou vice-versa). O possível local de origem em sua maioria foi na cavidade nasal em relação aos seios nasais (e de outras localizações). Ocorreram invasões para diferentes tecidos adjacentes à cavidade nasal e seios paranasais, tendo como consequência deformidades cranianas e faciais (21/49). A frequência foi de 48% de neoplasmas epiteliais, 32% de neoplasmas mesenquimais e 10% de neoplasmas com outras origens e de células redondas. Os neoplasmas mais frequentemente observados, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram: adenocarcinoma (9/50), carcinoma de células escamosas (9/50), tumor venéreo transmissível (5/50), osteossarcoma (5/50), condrossarcoma (4/50) e sarcoma indiferenciado (4/50). Com isso, pode-se estabelecer a frequência desses neoplasmas em 20 anos, bem como suas características clínicas, macroscópicas e histológicas.(AU)

Condrosarcoma mesenquimal sinonasal grado tres y carcinosarcoma de glándula Mamaria de un canino: estudios clínico e histopatológico / Sinunasal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma grade 3 and mammary gland carcinosarcoma of canine: clinical and histopathology study

A la Clínica Veterinaria de la Universidad de los Llanos, llegó un canino hembra de 9 años de edad raza Chow Chow, cuyo motivo de consulta fue epistaxis bilateral 4 meses atrás y una masa en la región nasal. Según lo reportado por el propietario, la masa había comenzado a salir 1 mes atrás del día de la consulta. Al examen clínico presentaba una masa subdérmica en la región nasal superior de 2 cm de diámetro. Se realizó una citología de la misma y se encontraron células inflamatorias sin presencia de células neoplásicas. El paciente volvió al mes y la masa con un diámetro de 5cm, estaba ubicada en la región nasal superior y región zigomática. El can presentaba disnea, anorexia, deshidratación del 6 por ciento, secreción mucopurulenta nasal y ocular, midriasis bilateral, reflejo corneal bilateral negativo, aumento de la presión infraocular del ojo derecho. En la glándula mamaria inguinal derecha presentaba una masa de 2cm de diámetro dura y móvil. Se realizó una citología por aspirado con aguja fina, de distintas zonas de las masas, tanto de la nariz, como de la glándula mamaria. Se valoró la citología permitiéndose definir el origen tumoral del proceso. Se realizó biopsia por incisión de la región sinonasal, diagnosticándose tumor mesenquimal maligno grado tres condrosarcoma sinonasal, conformado por células cartilaginosas pleomórficas con anisocariosis. Se realizaron radiografías de la región nasal y del pulmón, encontrándose una zona radiopaca a nivel del seno maxilar con osteolisis del hueso, se evidenciaba la masa de aproximadamente 4 cm de ancho por 2 cm de largo en el lado derecho. En el pulmón no se evidenció metástasis. Después del diagnóstico de histopatología se decide realizar la eutanasia, encontrándose histopatológicamente metástasis en pulmón, confirmación del condrosarcoma mesenquimal y un carcinosarcoma de glándula mamaria.

To the Veterinary Clinic of the Universidad de los Llanos, come a 9 years old Chow Chow female canine, whose consultation reason was a bilateral epistaxis occurred 4 months ago, sudden loss of the vision and a mass in the nasal region of 2cm of diameter approximately, according to the report of the owner, the mass showed up 1 month the day of the consultation. To the clinical exam they were the following abnormal discoveries. Hirsute hair, opaque, presented a subdermic mass approximately in the nasal region superior of 2 cm. diameter that grew to 5 cm. diameter after 1 month of the consultation, located in the nasal region superior and zigomatic region, of hard consistency, the animal had dysnea, bilateral mydriasis, the bilateral corneal reflection was negative, increase of the infraocular pressure of the right eye, the realized test of obstacles in the clinic was negative, that which showed us a blindness. Besides a complete clinical exploration and taking of the advantages of the cytology, she was carried out an aspired with fine needle of different areas of the masses so much neoplastic of the nose and of the region of the mammary gland, being obtained two types of samples. The cytology was evaluated to define origin of the tumors of the process. She was carried out biopsy for incision of the sinunosal region being diagnosed wicked tumor mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma sinunasal that commits bone. After having carried out the autopsy they took samples for histopathology. Being diagnosed mesenchymal chondrosarcoma sinunasal grade 3, with metastasis to lung, and a carcinosarcoma of mammary gland.